8/23/2023 0 Comments Dato urbanMassive indirect effects on already-weakened public services have occurred, including significant crippling of the health sector, which has increased the impacts of other endemic diseases and the associated mortality. The public health impact of the current Ebola epidemic in West Africa has been far greater than case counts. The circulating virus has been identified as the Zaire ebolavirus (EBOV), a strain previously found in only three Central African countries: the Democratic Republic of the Congo (DRC), Republic of the Congo, and Gabon ( Fig 1). This is the first documented Ebola outbreak outside Central Africa and is unique in its size, duration, and spatial extent. On December 6, 2013, the world’s largest Ebola epidemic began when a two-year-old in Guéckédou, Guinea, a small village bordering Sierra Leone and Liberia, became infected ( Fig 1). The funders had no role in study design, data collection and analysis, decision to publish, or preparation of the manuscript.Ĭompeting interests: The authors have declared that no competing interests exist. Research reported in this publication was partially supported by the National Institute of General Medical Sciences of the National Institutes of Health under award number 5U01GM070694-11 and U01 GM110748 as well as the RAPIDD program of the Science and Technology Directorate, US Department of Homeland Security and the NLM Pittsburgh Biomedical Informatics Training Grant 5T15 LM007059-28. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original author and source are creditedįunding: This work has been partially supported by DTRA CNIMS Contract HDTRA1-11-D-0016-0001. Akogun, Common Heritage Foundation, NIGERIAĬopyright: © 2015 Alexander et al. (2015) What Factors Might Have Led to the Emergence of Ebola in West Africa? PLoS Negl Trop Dis 9(6):Įditor: Oladele B. To prevent future outbreaks, coordinated, multiscale, early warning systems should be developed that make full use of these integrated assessments, partner with local communities in high-risk areas, and provide clearly defined response recommendations specific to the needs of each community.Ĭitation: Alexander KA, Sanderson CE, Marathe M, Lewis BL, Rivers CM, Shaman J, et al. Public health education is also urgently needed in countries outside of Africa in order to ensure that risk is properly understood and public concerns do not escalate unnecessarily. Such assessment includes identification of country-level protocols and interagency policies for outbreak detection and rapid response, increased understanding of cultural and traditional risk factors within and between nations, delivery of culturally embedded public health education, and regional coordination and collaboration, particularly with governments and health ministries throughout Africa. A comprehensive assessment of the drivers of Ebola emergence and sustained human-to-human transmission is also needed in order to prepare other countries for importation or emergence of this disease. Containment of the West African Ebola outbreak is the most pressing, immediate need. The emergence of this deadly disease in West Africa invites many questions, foremost among these: why now, and why in West Africa? Here, we review the sociological, ecological, and environmental drivers that might have influenced the emergence of Ebola in this region of Africa and its spread throughout the region. The current West African Ebola outbreak is the largest ever recorded and differs dramatically from prior outbreaks in its duration, number of people affected, and geographic extent. ![]() Ebola is not new to Africa, and outbreaks have been confirmed as far back as 1976. Det Berlingske Officin paid over 250 million DKK to publish the newspaper.An Ebola outbreak of unprecedented scope emerged in West Africa in December 2013 and presently continues unabated in the countries of Guinea, Sierra Leone, and Liberia. ![]() ĭato closed on 19 April 2007 and merged with another Danish free daily newspaper, Urban, also owned by Det Berlingske Officin. It had a circulation of 400,000 copies in March 2007. The 2006 circulation of the paper was 200,000 copies in 2006. It was distributed in Metropolitan Copenhagen and the suburbs of Århus. The paper was owned by Det Berlingske Officin. dato was, however, the first of the recent free dailies delivered to people's homes to begin publishing. Launched on 16 August 2006, Dato was Berlingske's offering in the "newspaper war" initiated by Dagsbrún's Nyhedsavisen. Dato ( Danish: date) is a defunct Danish free daily newspaper published in Denmark between 20.
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